Choice of optimal antihypertensive therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Aim of the study: to develop personalized approaches to combined antihypertensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, depending on the parameters of the daily blood pressure profile and heart rate variability.

Material and methods. We examined 322 patients with type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension who had not previously received antihypertensive drugs on a regular basis. At the first stage, patients were prescribed Perindopril 10 mg per day and Indapamide retard 1,5 mg per day. In the absence of reaching target blood pressure (BP) levels after 28 days, a third antihypertensive drug was added — Amlodipine 5 mg per day, followed by titration to 10 mg 1 r per day (group I) or a b-blocker — Carvedilol at a dose of 12,5 mg 2 r per day, also followed by titration up to 25 mg 2 r per day (group II). Daily monitoring of BP and ECG was carried out, the average daily heart rate (HR), circadian index (CI), as well as heart rate variability were determined.

Results and its discussion. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high variability of blood pressure throughout the day, high pulse blood pressure, as well as a rigid circadian profile of heart rate. The appointment of a standard two-component antihypertensive therapy, including Perindopril 10 mg and Indapamide retard 1,5 mg per day, allows reaching the target blood pressure only in 46% of patients. The addition of amlodipine or carvedilol significantly increases the effectiveness of therapy, allowing more than 80% of patients to achieve the target blood pressure. At the same time, the use of amlodipine leads to a greater extent to a decrease in pulse pressure, and the inclusion of carvedilol improves the circadian profile of blood pressure and heart rate, and has a positive effect on heart rate variability.