Vol 3, No 1 (2017)

We review data available on short-term local ischemia on nerve conduction in humans; diagnostic value of this test and its significance in normal and pathological condition are evaluated. Different methods of local ischemia are reviewed; main trends of neuronal conduction changes in normal and pathological conditions are summarized. Are known experimental studies in which to assess of the reserve possibilities of the peripheral nervous system is used short-term influence of ischemia, so called tourniquet test, on the parameters of the conduct of pulse of the nerve, the excitability of axons. Most clinical and experimental studies of the effect of short-term neural ischemia devoted to the study of excitability of nerves. To investigate of the excitability of nerves used the method of «threshold tracking». However, the conventional method of determining of the neural conduction in clinical practice is the simplest, least expensive and also reflects of the resistance to local short-term compression of nerves in diabetes mellitus, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Tourniquet test in the form of local short limb ischemia of the peripheral nerves in normal conditions leads to a natural reduction in neural conductivity and can be used as a method of standardization and regulation of neural conduction parameters of the peripheral nerves. The degree of reduction of neural conduction depends on the duration of the compression, place (shoulder, forearm), cuff width, age. Tourniquet test has a diagnostic informative in assessing of the reactivity of neural conduction, because the nerve fibers in various pathological conditions are resistant to local ischemia.

The use of laboratory information systems (LIS) are now an important part of the activities of clinical diagnostic laboratory of modern hospitals. The results of the work on the creation in 2002 and implementation in practice of clinical diagnostic laboratory multi-departmental hospital LIS. Upgrading the system and add-ins carried out in 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2012. The system is designed for lab work thresholds from 200 to 1000 samples per day, which this LIS operates clinical laboratories in the normal mode, which confirmed the successful implementation of the LIS-1477 in the laboratories of hospitals years. Fokino, Spassk-Dal’niy, Dalnegorsk, outpatient department VMKG. Using the LIS-1477 changes the principle of the clinical diagnostic laboratories to optimize all the effort, organize, standardize and simplify workflow. Promising areas for improvement of the system described in this section is to create a «quality control», as well as interfacing with automated laboratory analyzers. This will automatically transmit orders to the analyzers and obtain their research results without manual data entry.

The present article presents data relevant to addressing the issues of medical and biological waste handling in civilian and naval health care and on board of navy ships in the Russian Federation. It is shown that many of the juridical and technological issues of on-board treatment of medical and biological waste generated during regular exploitation of vessels and upon possible emergency situations are still unresolved in the Navy of the Russian Federation. The analysis of available data suggests that the technologies of waste neutralization, elimination, storage, and deposition currently used in the health care system of the Russian Federation are suitable in the Navy.

The essay addresses a little-known episode of the World War I: the defense of Petrograd against assault coming from the Baltic Sea. Relevant information about Peter the Great’s Naval Fortress and its strategic significance is presented with emphasis on its medical (sanitary) services. Personal data about medical officers of the Naval Administration, Baltic Fleet, and the Fortress and its port are compiled. The essay is intended to open the series of publications dedicated to the medical service of the Fortress, including medical facilities of Revel (Tallinn), Helsingfors (Helsinki), Vyborg, Libava, Kronstadt, and Petrograd, the medical troops of land forces of the Fortress and of Baltic Fleet ships, and of the hospital ships of the Fortress. The principal objective of the investigation is to reconstruct the names of medical doctors and nurses in service of the medical facilities of the Fortress.

In 2016 celebrated the 75th anniversary of the arrival of the first northern (arctic) sea transport convoy «Dervish» to Arkhangelsk. A significant contribution to the approximation of victory belonged to the Northern Fleet and Karelian Front, of which medical scientific center was the Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute (at the present time — Northern State Medical University).

The organization of medical services and health care during the sea trial of INS Vikramaditya aircraft-carrier is analyzed. The ship is the product of modernization of the aircraft-carrying cruiser «Admiral Gorshkov». The history of her building and exploitation is briefly discussed. This is the first  time in Russian shipbuilding that such a large-scale project has been implemented for a foreign state. Therefore, highly specific objectives of comprehensive health care faced the medical services of the Northern Fleet. The main difficulties and particular features of sustaining, developing and organizing the medical and sanitary services included the mixed personnel of the crew involved in servicing the ship during her sea trial and the non-departmental status of the ship and of the civilian part of the commissioning team. Specialists from all over Russia were recruited to the modernization of «Admiral Gorshkov» aircraft-carrying cruiser. Evacuation and in-hospital treatment of patients having somatic and infectious diseases were coordinated with civilian medical services. The organization and provision of health care related to large-capacity vessels in the course of their construction warrant specific approaches and the development of novel algorithms of regular medical services, which must be reinforced.