Vol 3, No 3 (2017)

A selective statistical analysis of medical reports on servicemen health status and military service activities on the form 3/MED of military units was performed. Health status of 60% of naval officers who did military service from 2003 to 2015 was analyzed. The analysis of officers’ health problems for 13 years showed that the average annual sick rate was 940±43‰, primary disease incidence — 347±12‰, dispensary observation 154±11‰, inpatient hospitalization — 237±13‰, days away from service — 5018±170‰, dismissal from service for health reasons — 17,48±1,3‰, death rate per 100 000 officers — 127±6 persons. It was found that the level of sick rate and primary disease incidence in naval officers was significantly lower than that of the Russian Armed Forces officers, but the level of dispensary observation, inpatient hospitalization and dismissal was higher. The structure of the formed complex index of naval officers’ health problems was determined in 79% by 6 classes of diseases according to International Classification of Diseases, 10 Edition (ICD-10CM): IX (cardiocirculatory system), IXI (traumas, intoxications, and some other consequences of external causes) X (respiratory system), XI (digestive diseases), XIII (skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases) and IV (endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders). Prevention of injuries and diseases of the listed classes will improve the health of Russian naval officers.

At almost healthy persones the thermovision research of hands and the computer analysis of variability of a heart rhythm before and after of cold test are conducted. It is established that the convection type of transfer of heat defined at 20–30 summer people from trailer phalanxes blood current from arteries of fingers to superficial vessels within not less than 7 minutes at initial prevalence of activity of parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) demonstrated good compensatory reaction of vascular system. To cold within 18 minutes and more at initial prevalence of parasympathetic department of ANS pointed a contact way of transfer of heat from a forearm from warm zones to cold violation of adaptation to cold.

The expansion of tasks, being carried out by military personnel in different climatic and geographical conditions, needs introduction of effective medical provision into the system of military training aimed at maintenance of high level of military efficiency in case of negative factors of the environment. At present the application of hypoxic factor is widely used in sports. In a number of Russian and foreign studies a high effectiveness of hypobaric hypoxia was shown for the correction of borderline functional states, enhancement of organism tolerance of pilots to flight factors, medical rehabilitation, therapy and prophylaxis of a number of diseases and so on. A research has been carried out that included the analysis of in- fluence of physical performance by volunteers in the course of a session of hypobaric hypoxia on factors of physical working capacity. Hypoxia was modelled in pressure chamber by means of barometric pressure decrease to the level equivalent to 3500 m altitude. In the time of presence «at the altitude» (30 min) physical activity was modelled by squatting performed by volunteers (30 squattings every 5 min) and stepping test performed throughout lift motion. Before hypoxic exposure, in the course of test trials and after its accomplishment the heart rate was assessed in volunteers. Also the results of functional probe performance (Shtange, Gench and Ruffier tests) and load testing on a treadmill («Running on the treadmill) were assessed. In the result of this study it was shown that the course of lift actions in pressure chamber leads to the increase of spare capacity of cardiorespiratory system and the development of human adaptation to the influence of moderate hypoxia levels. The most evident effect was observed at simultaneous impact of lift actions in pressure chambers and graduated exercise on the organisms of healthy volunteers.

The paper addresses studies of the psychophysiological characteristics of gas-and-oil industry operators and of workmen employed at boiler and waste treatment facilities who work under shift regimens in the Far North represented with the territories of Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Seventy subjects aged 24 to 60 years (mean age 38,7±1,3) were interviewed and passed psychological tests. The results were treated statistically. Two groups were distinguished based on differences in dynamic response characteristics, personality traits, and self-regulation features.

The possible contribution of drinking water with various mineral composition to the incidence of the population in the Euro-Arctic region (the cities of Apatity and Kirovsk in the Murmansk region) and in the middle zone of Russia (the city of Serpukhov) is estimated. It is established that the mineral composition of the artesian well from the open source of drinking water supply to the population of Apatity and Kirovsk is more soft (0.3 mg-eq/l, and 0.05 mg-eq/l), compared to Serpukhov, where the drinking water from the well is much stiffer (7.5 mg-eq/l). Differences in the levels of calcium, magnesium, sulfates, strontium, iron in the drinking water of Serpukhov and aluminum in Kirov have been revealed, but significant. Differences in the incidence of childhood (0–14 years) and adult (over 18 years) population, depending on the mineral composition of water used in these regions have not been identified. Comparison of the structure of the incidence of the population in the Euro-Arctic region with the middle stripe of Russia, revealed a higher incidence of children in high latitudes, in particular, the prevalence of eye diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The adult population living in the Arctic region is dominated by: diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, eyes, genitourinary system, digestive organs, and infectious diseases.

The paper addresses the medical backup and health care system designed for troopers at service under conditions specific for remote arctic islands and continental areas in Far North. The organizational structures of medical units and the features of vulnerability to diseases, therapy for diseases, emergency and resuscitation measures, provision with medicaments, and air evacuation are discussed. Problems related to the personnel composition of medical stations in the Arctic, to the impacts of natural factors and climate on humans, and to psychophysiological adaptation to closed military teams are outlined.

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