Vol 7, No 2 (2021)

Cover Page

21

Мethodological approaches to substantiating the nomenclature of anthropometric indicators of operators in the interests of designing marine engineering workplaces

Sedov A.V., Moiseev Y.B., Khankevich Y.R., Rogovanov D.Y., Bloshchinsky I.A., Sapozhnikov K.V., Porozhnikov P.A., Yurchik N.V.

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of regulatory and technical documents and reference data that determine the nomenclature of anthropometric indicators for various professional categories of personnel. It is shown that the anthropological indicators given in these sources have lost their relevance due to the acceleration of the planet’s population over the past decades, as well as the absence of a whole group of necessary characteristics for the design of marine equipment. So in the standards of the 1980s, the average value of a person’s height for the 95th percentile is 183 cm, and in the European standards of 2000, the height of a man for the 95th percentile is 188.1 cm. The role of dynamic anthropometric characteristics in the justification of ergonomic requirements for control systems is shown. The basic static and dynamic anthropometric indicators necessary for the design of promising marine equipment are determined.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):8-14
pages 8-14 views

Dynamics of the pshychological state of seafarers during the period of long work in the fishery

Shcherbina F.A., Shcherbina Y.F., Zakrevsky Y.N., Trotsenko A.A., Shchelkov M.V., Lepetinsky I.S.

Abstract

The aim of the study was the need to theoretically and experimentally substantiate the technology of diagnostics and correction of maladjustment changes in the psychoemotional sphere of seafarers at the stages of a long voyage. Materials and methods. The material of the research is dynamic observation in the form of psychological testing, carried out during a long voyage of the crew (n = 48 people) of the BMRT fishing vessel (large freezer fishing trawler) with the home port of Murmansk. The age of the fishermen varied from 22–36 years and averaged 27.0±0.84 years, the duration of the cruise was 152 days to catch fish in the Southwest Atlantic. The subjects belonged to different professional groups, and had worked at sea from 3 to 11 years (M = 5.4±0.26). The research methods were valid methods applied in a complex: a modified eight-color test by M. Luscher, personality questionnaire “EPI” by G. Aysenk, psychodiagnostic test “General assessment of personality” by V.М. Melnikov and L.T. Yampolsky, the MMPI questionnaire «Personal scale of manifestations of anxiety, the questionnaire» Life style index «(«LSI») Kellerman-Plutchik-Conte for identifying types of psychological defenses, the test for the study of reactive and personal anxiety Spielberger-Khanin and the test card SAN (test questionnaire Mini-cartoon). Results and discussion. the study showed that continuous (more than 3 months) fishing in the sea leads to changes in the psycho-emotional sphere of fishermen, manifested in the appearance of signs of psychological maladjustment. The majority of those examined as the leader have a trophotropic (non-optimal) type of mental adaptation to conditions of long-term work at sea, characterized by a decrease in the psychophysical reserves of the body, increased anxiety with the choice of a strategy of passive adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):15-23
pages 15-23 views

Recommendations to the command staff on maintaining a stable psychological state of the crew of an emergency submarine

Andrijchenko А.М., Yemushintsev P.A., Mikulich V.V.

Abstract

Purpose: systematization of recommendations to the submarine command personnel on personnel management and first psychological aid in an emergency, based on the previously theoretically modeled dynamics of the psychological state of the crew of an emergency submarine.

Materials and methods:analysis of methodological manuals for preserving and improving the working capacity of a person in stressful situations, studying the available literature on the actions of submarine personnel at the time of the accident.

Results and discussion:based on the results of the previously studied factors affecting the dynamics of the psychological state of the crew of the damaged submarine, the selection and systematization of the available methods of influence and management of personnel in different periods of the development of the accident was carried out, possible methods of self-control and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state were proposed to the command personnel.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):24-32
pages 24-32 views

Рeculiarities of respiratory indicators in naval specialists with signs of professional burnout

Soshkin P.A.

Abstract

Introduction.A decrease in ventilation capacity entails a significant change in the kinetics of respiratory gases, which can lead to the formation of hypoxic, hypo- or hypercapnic states, which sharply limit the adaptive capabilities of the body and facilitate the formation of professional burnout syndrome, which predetermines the relevance of their study.

Purpose: to assess respiratory performance in naval professionals who have (or do not) show signs of professional burnout.

Materials and methods.The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45 years, divided into 2 groups — with the absence (group 1 (n=91 people)) and the presence (group 2 (n=159 people)) signs of professional burnout, in which respiratory indicators.

Results and its discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, as compared to those who do not have it, have significantly higher indicators for peak volumetric velocity, instantaneous and average volumetric vital capacity velocity, reserve expiratory volume, as well as assessing the ratio of reserve inhalation to exhalation volume; at the same time, such persons had a significantly lower index of the reserve inspiratory volume.

Conclusion. It is advisable to take into account the indicators of the functioning of the respiratory system, which is of decisive importance in providing the body with oxygen, which ultimately determines the success of adaptation and the prevention of the occurrence of unacceptable functional states, which include professional burnout.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):33-39
pages 33-39 views

Сhanges of interpersonal behavior of russian mariners when working on international crews

Lupachev V.V., Kubasov R.V., Boyko I.M., Khokhrina A.I., Kubasova E.D.

Abstract

Background. Psycho-emotional sphere of mariners is one of the most susceptible to severe conditions of maritime labor. Crew work at sea on ships of foreign companies often has abnormal working conditions. As a result, socio-psychological conflicts can arise, turning into psycho-emotional stress. Thus, the research of Russian mariners’ emotional sphere, working on the ships under flags of foreign states is very actual.

The aim of the work is to define the features of Russian mariners’ emotional condition during their work with international crews and to substantiate the necessity of its correction during voyage and intervoyage periods.

Materials and methods. Psycho-emotional condition of Russian mariners who worked on foreign companies’ ships during sea voyage was assessed using diagnostic method «Diagnostic of interpersonal relations» T. Leary, adapted by L.N. Sobchik.

Results of the research and discussion. A rather high level of tension of the emotional condition during the voyage was found, probably, caused by difficult communication with foreign mariners, hard work and, as a consequence, occurrence of conflict situations. Emotional stress may contribute to neurotic reactions in mariners. It is recommended to select crews for work on ships under the foreign flag and not to allow contracting with psychologically unstable person.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):40-46
pages 40-46 views

DIVING MEDICINE

Mathematical model of the influence of the deep pain sensitivity threshold in divers and divers on the clinical symptomatics of decompression disease

Alpatov V.N., Sovietov V.I., Yatmanov A.N.

Abstract

Purpose of the study: to develop a model for predicting the development of a painless form of decompression sickness from the level of pain sensitivity.

Research method:29 divers and divers aged 20 to 42 with decompression sickness and asymptomatic gas formation were examined.

Results and discussion. Painless forms are 1.6 times more common than decompression sickness with painful (classical) clinical manifestations. Determining the pain threshold for divers and divers is an important element in the prevention of chronic decompression sickness. When a diver’s or diver’s pain threshold is 10 volts or more, an ultrasound examination should be performed at each dive for the presence of intravascular gas formation. In such divers and divers, any symptoms that occur after decompression should be considered decompression sickness.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):47-51
pages 47-51 views

ENSURING THE SAFETY OF LIFE AND HEALTH AT SEA

Comparative analysis of injuries among conscripts of the Russian Navy and Ground Forces in 2003–2019

Evdokimov V.I., Mosyagin I.G., Sivashchenko P.P., Vetoshkin A.A.

Abstract

The injury rate of servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces (AF) is an important indicator of the safety of professional activity.

Purpose.Main target is a comparative analysis of the injuries of conscripted servicemen of the Russian Navy and Ground Forces in 2003–2019.

Materials and methods.We examined medical reports on the state of health of the personnel and the activities of the medical service in the form 3/MED. The indicators of injuries were correlated with groups (blocks) of the XIX class «Injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of exposure to external causes» (S00–T98) of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). Injury rates were calculated per 1,000 servicemen, or ‰.

Results and discussion. Average annual level of injuries among conscripts of the Russian Navy in 2003–2019. was 23.54±2.75‰, the Ground Forces — 11.23±0.96‰ (p <0.001). Leading injuries were identified, with a share in the structure of 1.5%, in total, which accounted for 74.8% of conscripted servicemen of the Russian Navy, 72.5% of servicemen of the Ground Forces. Accounting for medical and statistical indicators of injuries can be used to analyze injuries in specific units and units of the Russian Armed Forces.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):52-60
pages 52-60 views

PREVENTIVE ISSUES

The acute odontogenic infection in maritime medicine: clinical and radiological parallels

Serikov A.A., Iordanishvili A.K.

Abstract

Relevance. The main thing in the prevention of acute odontogenic infection in sailors during long voyages is the full implementation of the pre-voyage sanitation of the oral cavity, which provides for the elimination of chronic foci of odontogenic infection.

The aimof the study was to identify chronic foci of odontogenic infection in sailors after the completion of their prevoyage sanitation of the oral cavity and before going sailing.

Material and methods. Dental and X-ray (orthopantomography) examination of 169 men aged 22 to 52 years after completion of dental treatment (oral cavity sanitation) before a long sea voyage was carried out, followed by analysis of clinical and radiological parallels to identify chronic odontogenic foci of infection, which can be a potential source of microorganisms for the development of acute odontogenic infection during swimming.

Results and discussion.It was found that, despite the ongoing treatment and prophylactic work on the rehabilitation of the oral cavity with the sailors in the pre-voyage period, in 30.4-77.2% of cases they retain chronic foci of odontogenic infection during a long sea voyage, which can become the cause of the development of acute odontogenic infection. For the qualitative detection of chronic odontogenic foci of infection, it is necessary to supplement the dental examination of sailors in the pre-voyage period with an X-ray examination, which will allow timely identification and elimination of chronic odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, as well as chronic periapical and periodontal foci of odontogenic infection.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):61-65
pages 61-65 views

Telemedicine on the island of the Sakhalin: ICL Techno case on the implementation of the smart-FAP

Shagivaleev A.A.

Abstract

ICL Techno has launched a «Smart-FAP» project in the Sakhalin Region. The project provides for the introduction of modern telemedicine technologies in remote rural settlements. The main goal is to save the lives of patients by improving the quality and availability of medical care. «The Smart-FAP» project creates an opportunity for the rural population to receive a whole range of examinations, planned and emergency consultations of specialists right on the spot.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):66-68
pages 66-68 views

SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION

Human biomonitoring as a method for assessing the impact of chemical factors on workers of the ship repair and shipbuilding industry

Morozov D.Y.

Abstract

Purpose: to highlight the problem of assessing the impact of chemical factors on the health of personnel of enterprises engaged in ship repair and shipbuilding by conducting research on human biomonitoring.

Materials and methods.The content analysis of various domestic and foreign scientific sources, as well as regulatory documents of different countries related to human biomonitoring in industry was carried out. A comparison is made between different normative values of biological exposure indices in different countries.

Results and discussion. It is established that human biomonitoring as a method of assessing the impact of chemicals on human health is already actively developing both in our country and abroad. The complexity of the evidence base based on the principles of evidence-based toxicology, which allows us to establish standard values for biomarkers in the human body due to a deep understanding of toxic and dynamic processes in the body, does not yet allow us to create a full-fledged regulatory framework and make the nature of human biomonitoring activities mandatory in the workplace. However, work in this direction is currently underway. At the same time, some countries have already developed a number of documents that allow for human biomonitoring at enterprises, despite their exclusively advisory nature.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):69-79
pages 69-79 views

EXPERIENCE OF MEDICAL SUPPORT

Fees of senior staff of Medical Service of the navy

Chirkov D.V.

Abstract

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Marine Medicine. 2021;7(2):80-84
pages 80-84 views


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