Vol 1, No 3 (2015)

In this article discussed by scientific information a medico-biological aspects of sailors in sea voyage. It’s shown actuality of study an adaptation problem in sea medicine because a fish men organism needs to conform at different extreme factors of sea and ship environment early time. It’s concluded that a constantly psychophysiological check of sailors is important for detected an adaptation changes during a sea voyage and after that. A studying of this factor effects to organism is actual medical and social problem for tasks solution in health and work ability saving of sailors.

This article presents parameterizes on capnography and heart rate variability in the length of the sailors at various Arctic sea voyage. It is shown, that at the beginning of the voyage was determined normocapnia tissue respiration and parasympatic in regulating heart rhythm, which reflects the optimum reactivity to the conditions of 2 months navigation. In subsequent months, the sailors noted a gradual deviation of HRV towards sympatic and development of hypercapnia, which may indicate an increase disadaptation changes in the cardiorespiratory system by the end of the voyage.

The aim of the paper was to determine the stability of the divers to unfavorable factors of scuba diving and detection the methods to optimize the selection of divers. The study involved 44 professional divers aged 2236 years and 111 dilettante divers, among whom were 80 men and 31 women aged 19-42 years. All divers had resistance to decompression sickness, toxic effect of nitrogen and oxygen. In the peripheral blood of all divers before and 1 hour after «immersion» into the chamber the functional activity of neutrophils and T-lymphocytes, the concentration of circulating immune complexes were determined. In addition, echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound of the heart for 13 professional divers were held. The study found that the number of divers unstable to unfavorable factors of hyperbaria ranges from 7 to 25% of patients (depending on factors of hyperbaria). It was found that among professional divers who had high and average resistance to one of the adverse factors of hyperbaria, the number of people with high and medium resistance to other examined factors ranging from 71,4 to 100% of the patients. It was discovered that the decompression gassing of divers accompanied by the activation of the immune system. The selection and the annual medical examination of divers should be accompanied by echocardiography of the heart.

The paper addresses the distinctive features of the new version of the Navy Doctrine of Russia, which is meant to be valid up to 2030, from the standpoint of maintaining and preserving the health potential of navy personnel. For the first time in Russian history, a document related to state strategy contains provisions concerning marine medicine aimed at developing a health care system for seaman and specialists in marine affairs.

The article addresses promising approaches to maintaining the health conditions of tutors at navy higher educational facilities at the present stage of development of the Navy.

The history of the development of Navy Medicine Academy became outlined when a dedicated exhibition at the Central Navy Museum in Saint in Petersburg was opened. The exhibition arouse much interest among the visitors of the Museum, including military physicians, students and tutors of military educational institutions, and historicists specialized in military medicine.

The article presents data on health personnel (doctors and nurses) Consolidated hospital naval fortress of Port Arthur and hospital ships, «Mongolia», «Kazan» and «Angara» during the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905; the peculiarities of organization of medical aid to the besieged garrison and naval base; clarified some aspects of the biographies of doctors and students of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. Excerpts from official documents and memoirs of the participants of the defense of Port Arthur, concerning medical support of military operations.