Vol 2, No 3 (2016)

The article deals with perspective directions of protecting the health of teachers of naval universities at the modern stage of construction of the Navy. The features of the activities of the faculty. The research reflects the high importance of ensuring a high reliability of professional activity of military men - teachers of educational institutions of the Navy, by maintaining their occupational health. One of the ways of its solution is a scientific and methodological substantiation and development of a system of measures for diagnosis, preservation and strengthening of professional health of the military personnel, teachers of educational institutions of the Navy. The article presents the rationale for the selection of the external criterion and the methodology of the expert assessment of the success of the military-professional activities of teachers of naval universities. The results of the development of diagnostic regression models characterizing the level of professional health and to predict the number of days of trumpeter in the polar regression equation groups of soldiers - teachers of naval universities. The inclusion of the methodical diagnostic model of psychophysiological characteristics, reflecting and fully describing the methodological principles of the system, reliably and effectively predict how the profession affects the health.

The article presents the results of investigating the dynamics of the blood pressure among seamen in the period of 5 months continuous work on vessel. The study revealed that the number of seamen actually suffering from arterial hypertension is much more then ascertained in a pre-voyage medical examination. It was determined that the negative dynamics of the blood pressure level registered during the whole period of the voyage was most strongly manifested in the end of the voyage (after 6 months).

The current approaches to human health risks management are considered as they are related to ship crew health care with account of the specificities of ship life cycle. The respective legislative and normative aspects and relevant publications are analyzed. The conclusion is that a scalar quantitative index that reflects human health and possible risks to it must be useful for the optimization of ship performance characteristics at the stage of ship project development.

The article presents the results of a study of adaptive processes in soldiers-recruits the Pacific Fleet in the initial period of military service for evaluation of the functional activity of the pituitary-adrenal system. The studies were conducted taking into account climatic and geographical features of the Far Eastern region, desynchronosis occurring as an effect of young soldiers trans-meridian move from the western regions of the country and the health of the subjects in the period of 2012-2015. The conclusion is that the circadian rhythms of the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol allow us to estimate the dynamics of the adaptation process, and to establish the degree of completion of the adaptation of the body at the level of neuroendocrine functions. Adapting to changing living conditions conscripts starts with the first days of stay in the Far East and are not certified, decreases even after 90 days of service. We soldiers with inadequate and low power holds the potential inhibition of power stress implementing mechanisms whereby the completion of the adaptation process is delayed up to 6 months and more.

The paper addresses the history of establishing and developing of navy medicine in Russia. Mariners’ health care has been being a primary concern from the very start of the Russian Navy. In parallel with building ships and founding seaports, medical and educational facilities were being established and up-to-date approaches to prevention and treatment of diseases, traumas and wounds were being introduced. Navy medicine and its prominent figures made an invaluable contribution to Russian public health. Mastering modern ships puts in stringent requirements to the health conditions of navy personnel and, hence, to planning the development of navy medicine.

The article deals with modern understanding of etiopathogenesis of chronic post-traumatic headache, gives the current classification of this cephalalgia and describes the algorithm of its diagnosis and treatment. It is found that the chronic form of a post-traumatic cephalalgia, unlike other headaches, is not determined by the number of painful days per month but by the duration of its preservation after brain injury. The leading factors of the pathogenesis of this headache are the psychopathological changes and analgesics overuse. Therefore, effective treatment of chronic post-traumatic cephalalgia should include measures to prevent the development of drug-induced headache and preventive therapy with the use of antidepressants

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive technique allowing to directly stimulate the neurons of the cerebral cortex. The physiological mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation is the phenomenon of long-term potentiation or long-term depression. The article presents the indications, contraindications and recommended protocols of the transcranial magnetic stimulation in certain diseases and consequences of injuries of the nervous system.

The article based on literary sources and personal diaries of the Arctic expeditions of the special purpose (AESP) across the Arctic ocean (1968, 1969, 1972, 1975), which were published in two books («The Arctic is a Serious Lady,» The Unfading Light of «Altair») by SSC RF AA Research Institute (2009). Medical and dental care providing to the crew staff in AESP during preliminary period and under the long-term navigation conditions were analyzed. Special attention is paid to the work of the Political Department in the expedition, the history of developing of Arctic Ocean, the history of AESP, the value of the Northern Sea Route to Russia defense capability are briefly illuminated as well.