Vol 5, No 1 (2019)

Functional pathology of chewing structure in the form of malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles are common. This is due to early tooth loss in people of young and middle age. In adults, the prevalence of this type of violation is from 12 to 75%. But persons, who have occupational hazards, have a frequency of occurrence 95–100%. Despite the fact that the study of the dental status of military personnel of the Navy was carried out repeatedly only a few studies paid attention to the identification of functional pathology of temporomandibular joint and chewing muscles and usually paid attention to a small sample of subjects. The possibilities of diagnosing and treating such diseases on ships of the Navy are severely limited because of lack of dental equipment, inaccessibility of X-ray examination. It should be noted, that reporting on dental morbidity in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Russia also doesn’t take into account this pathology. However, it is known that there are certain difculties in the treatment of patients with malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles, which often recur and constant arthralgia or myalgia may adversely affect the performance of military duties, especially in the conditions of a long hike.

We analyzed medical reports by Form 3/MED in military units with about 60% of the total number of military women in the Russian Navy (RN) served from 2003 to 2016. Over 14 years, average annual overall morbidity was 1476,9±60,8‰, primary morbidity 549,9±27,7‰, the need for dynamic follow-up 253,0±19,7‰, hospital admission 350±36‰, days out of work 7620±517‰, dismissal for health reasons 24,28±3,69‰. The death rate was 59,5±9,9 deaths per 100 thousand military per year. Polynomial trends of the listed indicators with determination coefcients of varying significance revealed inverted U-curve. Compared with all women soldiers of the Russian Armed Forces, RN military women tended to lower overall and primary morbidity, higher need for dynamic follow-up, hospitalizations and a significantly higher dismissal due to health reasons (p<0,01). Of the highest military-epidemiological significance for RN military women there were neoplasms (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems of the 10th revision, Category II, 18,9%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (IX, 17,9%), respiratory diseases (X, 11,8%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (IV, 9,7%), diseases of the genitourinary system (XIV, 9%), which in total amounted to 67,3% of the total structure. Measures to prevent such major diseases will contribute to improving the health of RN military women.

The article presents the experience of organizing medical care for shift workers on the «Prirazlomnaya» platform. The characteristic of an oil field in the Pechora Sea is given. The stages of construction and commissioning of the «Prirazlomnaya» platform, its tactical and technical data and design features are described. Presented the work of ship doctors at the health center, their responsibilities for the medical care of the platform staff, features of medical evacuation of patients in extreme conditions of the Arctic.

Ensuring timely emergency medical service and implementation of actions for first-aid treatment the most significant making organization seamen health protection. The first-aid kits, a bag of the doctor and the paramedic developed for ground forces and which are available on supply not fully conform to requirements imposed to complete organic equipment of the ships and boats of Navy. Medical equipment modernization and introduction of new and innovative complete and organic equipment for first-aid treatment is a need of real time. Improvement of this type equipment characteristic allows to increase efciency of the provided medical care at the initial stage and to provide maintenance of the Navy ship forces, by decrease in incidence of the personnel. The main directions of development of medical equipment of providing first and emergency medical care, designed for the provision ships and boats of Navy. Critical parameters that must be considered in the process of modernization available and developing new kits of medical equipment. A short characteristic of the ship first-aid kits and medical emergency and urgent aid bags offered for the development, taking into account the specifics of the daily and combat activities of the personnel of the underwater and surface ship of the Navy.

In 2013, The IMO and ILO published the Guidelines on the medical examinations of seafarers. The ILO was responsible for the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) and IMO for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The purpose of the Guidelines was to develop a document reflecting the contents of both Conventions and which will be helpful for the flag State on their implementation. Prior to the beginning work on a ship, the seafarers must hold a valid medical certificate stated that they are medically fit to perform their duties at sea. However, what kind of medical specialist should conduct such examinations and issue medical certificates? Where to find such a specialists? Only some countries offer Marine Medicine as an independent discipline on medicine faculties or as a postgraduate course on three-five days’ courses preceded by Self training preparations by materials sent to a course participant by education institution. However special training is not required. Some marine administrations require special accreditations to enable regular pre-sea examinations of sailors in preference to general practitioners, specialists in occupational disease and, in some cases, to surgeons and anesthesiologists. In some countries, it is sufcient to receive accreditation from the embassy.

В статье представлен опыт организации медицинской помощи работающим вахтовым методом на платформе «Приразломная». Приведена характеристика месторождения нефти в Печорском море. Описаны этапы строительства и ввода в эксплуатацию платформы «Приразломная», ее тактико-технические данные и конструктивные особенности.  Представлена работа судовых врачей на здравпункте, их обязанности по медицинскому обеспечению персонала платформы, особенности медицинской эвакуации больных в экстремальных условиях Арктики.

Most of the geographical expeditions in the XIX — early XX century,— were organized in Kronstadt — the sea capital of the Russian Empire. Many doctors of the Kronstadt Naval Hospital participated in circumnavigation and large marine expeditions on the ships of the Russian Fleet. They made a medical topographical description of more than 150 ports, coasts and other geographical locations in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Oceania and Antarctica. Various geographical locations on the world map were named after surgeons. The names of surgeons have taken their place in history of the Russian Geographical Society and the Society of surgeons of Kronstadt. The traditions of the surgeons of previous generations are retained and enriched by the present surgeons. In 2018 the Society of surgeons of Kronstadt resumed at the Kronstadt Naval Hospital. The medical geographical description of ports, coasts, islands and other points of the vast seas and the World Ocean is one of the main and traditional lines of the Society’s work.