Vol 7, No 1 (2021)

Epidemics always accompanied humanity at all historic stages, that wielded major influence on development and demographical indices. Coronavirus infections with respiratory syndrome represented by epidemic foci appeared in human civilization and were identified as SARS and MERS from the beginning of the century. Newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 took the form of pandemic and made adjustments in various branches of activity coming under the scrutiny of specialists of many spheres of activity. The lecture showed some features of newly coronavirus infections, ways of spread and transfer of the virus. It was marked that seaport towns and closed premises with a large number of people on ships and civil and war ships are the most vulnerable places for the spread of COVID-19. Examples of transmitting the infection on civil and war ships as well as issues of restricting the infection and treatment of infected people in sea were described. Russian and foreign health organizations developed recommendations, governments of states designed instructions and other information materials on COVID-19 and marine sector for prevention of spread of newly coronavirus infection on civil and war ships. Throughout the year, the first experience of marine medicine was gained and it allowed to avoid a lot of tactical and clinical mistakes.

The aim of our study was to estimate the potential of the flow about standardized panoramogram quiet breathing (PFPG SD) for the diagnosis of inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia on a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods: 36 healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 76 years old and 36 men with CAP on the background of COPD aged 45 to 80 years old, hospitalized in the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and were examined. PFPG SD was performed on admission to all patients and healthy individuals.

Results and discussion: Spectral criteria for acoustic diagnostics of the focus of patients with CAP on the background of COPD were developed, determined by PFPG SD. The maximum specificity for the group of healthy people was reached — 80,5%, the maximum sensitivity of detecting the focus of inflammation — 83,3%. The sensitivity of PFPG SD exceeds the sensitivity of subjective auscultation. The types of acoustic pattern and their threshold values for patients were revealed.

The development of the Russian Arctic continental shelf with the production of large volumes of oil products, the continuation of the functioning of the well-known mining enterprises of the Kola North for the extraction of rare earth and non-ferrous metals necessary for the country’s industry, the basing of the Northern Fleet as the most important component of the country’s defense capability require good health of all categories of workers and military personnel of the continental zone and the Arctic islands in the Far North. Psychoneurological diseases, including those associated with disorders of visual perception, developing on the basis of the «polar tension syndrome», acquire special significance in these conditions. Based on the results of generalization of the views existing in the scientific literature on the integrity of the mechanisms of visual perception, a two-dimensional classification of various forms of its variability has been developed, which can be used as a methodological basis for the construction of virtual and physical medical landscapes in recreational areas of military facilities, departmental sanatoriums and rest homes for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by functional disorders of the body due to the impact of «polar load» and prolonged stay in closed technological spaces.

The purpose of work — to justify the conclusion of compliance of vitamin level in military personnel with real energy expenditure and job factors during the long-term voyage basing on education of their real nutrition.

Materials and methods. To carry out the study, a sample of 30 people from the personnel of surface ships was made. The amount of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the blood of the military was measured by means of highefficiency liquid chromatography (HELC) and photometry.

Results and discussion. Relationship between dietary vitamin content and in the blood of the military that is specified by food habits during the long-term voyage. During the voyage, the supplying of seafarers with food products providing water-soluble vitamins А, В1, В2, В6, РР and С is of key importance. Vitamin deficiency in a sea ration is corrected by giving out multivitamin preparation «Geksavit». However, this preparation is not optimal in view of limited set of vitamins and absence of minerals in it. Actual ration needs correcting by introduction relevant vitamin mineral complexes in the ration.

Goal. To reveal the peculiarities of central hemodynamics of cadets of a marine university in the conditions of a five-month sailing.

Materials and methods. A survey of 70 cadets on board of a sailing training vessel was carried out in the dynamics of a five-month voyage (165 days). Hemodynamic indicators were monitored before entry on duty. For the statistical processing of the results, the SPSS software, v 17.0 (IBM) was used.

Results and its discussion. The first two months are characterized by stable indicators of myocardial contractile function, which begins to change from the third month. In the third month, signs of mobilization of the circulatory function appear, which is expressed in an increase in blood pressure (p<0.05) and blood pressure (p<0,05) (by 6.6% and 14%, respectively).The fourth and fifth months are characterized by a further activation of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of hemodynamics: an increase in blood pressure (p<0,05), blood pressure (p<0,001), as well as MVC (p<0,05) due to an increase in heart rate (p<0,001), which indirectly indicates a decrease in efficiency in the work of the cardiovascular system.

The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) threatened the combat readiness of the Armed Forces (AF) and required the urgent development and implementation of its own measures to limit the spread of the disease. Wide-spread principles to combat this disease, including social distancing, isolation of patients and quarantine of contact persons, are difficult to comply with Navy service. Given the features of habitability, autonomy and distance from the main locations, the experience gained and the measures taken during the outbreak of COVID-19 on the US Navy nuclear aircraft carrier «Theodore Roosevelt» are of great interest. It was important that at the time of diagnosis COVID-19 77% of crew members had no signs of disease, and 43% of them remained completely asymptomatic. The incidence among officers was significantly less than in ordinary and sergeant personnel. None of the officers were hospitalized. People of the white race predominated among the diseased and hospitalized (42,7 per cent and 30,4 per cent, respectively), as well as those associated with reactor operation, weapons and support personnel (27,9 per cent in total). At the same time, those servicemen who strictly followed non-specific preventive measures had a reliably lower infection rate.

Purpose: to improve the organization of emergency assistance to an emergency diver in a state of clinical death. Clarification of the priority of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by persons providing diving descents.

Materials and methods. Аnalysis of guidelines governing medical support for diving descents and documents for the provision of emergency and urgent assistance, study of emergencies with naval divers.

Results and discussion. Сonsidered one of the reasons that has a negative impact on the approach to emergency care — the lack of a unified algorithm of actions in the guideline documents for diagnosing clinical death in a diver, as well as ambiguous interpretation of the priority of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.