Vol 7, No 1 (2021)

Cover Page

LECTURE

WORLDWIDE EPIDEMICS AND MARINE MEDICINE - PERCEWPTION OF EVENTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF PANDEMIC COVID-19

Simakina О.Е., Bovelyak N.A.

Abstract

Epidemics always accompanied humanity at all historic stages, that wielded major influence on development and demographical indices. Coronavirus infections with respiratory syndrome represented by epidemic foci appeared in human civilization and were identified as SARS and MERS from the beginning of the century. Newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 took the form of pandemic and made adjustments in various branches of activity coming under the scrutiny of specialists of many spheres of activity. The lecture showed some features of newly coronavirus infections, ways of spread and transfer of the virus. It was marked that seaport towns and closed premises with a large number of people on ships and civil and war ships are the most vulnerable places for the spread of COVID-19. Examples of transmitting the infection on civil and war ships as well as issues of restricting the infection and treatment of infected people in sea were described. Russian and foreign health organizations developed recommendations, governments of states designed instructions and other information materials on COVID-19 and marine sector for prevention of spread of newly coronavirus infection on civil and war ships. Throughout the year, the first experience of marine medicine was gained and it allowed to avoid a lot of tactical and clinical mistakes.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):20-32
pages 20-32 views

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

FLOWSTANDART PHONOPNEUMOGRAPHY QUIET BREATHING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COMORBID CURRENT COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Malinina E.V., Dubinkin V.A.

Abstract

The aim of our study was to estimate the potential of the flow about standardized panoramogram quiet breathing (PFPG SD) for the diagnosis of inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia on a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods: 36 healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 76 years old and 36 men with CAP on the background of COPD aged 45 to 80 years old, hospitalized in the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and were examined. PFPG SD was performed on admission to all patients and healthy individuals.

Results and discussion: Spectral criteria for acoustic diagnostics of the focus of patients with CAP on the background of COPD were developed, determined by PFPG SD. The maximum specificity for the group of healthy people was reached — 80,5%, the maximum sensitivity of detecting the focus of inflammation — 83,3%. The sensitivity of PFPG SD exceeds the sensitivity of subjective auscultation. The types of acoustic pattern and their threshold values for patients were revealed.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):33-39
pages 33-39 views

REVIEW

LANDSCAPE THERAPY FOR DISORDERS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN THE FAR NORTH

Zhirov V.K., Zakrevsky Y.N., Gontar O.B., Megorsky V.V., Koygerova A.A., Maurcheva P.A.

Abstract

The development of the Russian Arctic continental shelf with the production of large volumes of oil products, the continuation of the functioning of the well-known mining enterprises of the Kola North for the extraction of rare earth and non-ferrous metals necessary for the country’s industry, the basing of the Northern Fleet as the most important component of the country’s defense capability require good health of all categories of workers and military personnel of the continental zone and the Arctic islands in the Far North. Psychoneurological diseases, including those associated with disorders of visual perception, developing on the basis of the «polar tension syndrome», acquire special significance in these conditions. Based on the results of generalization of the views existing in the scientific literature on the integrity of the mechanisms of visual perception, a two-dimensional classification of various forms of its variability has been developed, which can be used as a methodological basis for the construction of virtual and physical medical landscapes in recreational areas of military facilities, departmental sanatoriums and rest homes for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by functional disorders of the body due to the impact of «polar load» and prolonged stay in closed technological spaces.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):7-19
pages 7-19 views

25

VITAMIN SUFFICIENCY OF MILITARY SEAFAFRERS DURING LONGTERM VOYAGE

Andriyanov A.I., Lazarenko L.P., Korosteleva O.G., Dar’ina N.I., Shchukina N.A., Smetanin A.L., Subbotina T.I.

Abstract

The purpose of work — to justify the conclusion of compliance of vitamin level in military personnel with real energy expenditure and job factors during the long-term voyage basing on education of their real nutrition.

Materials and methods. To carry out the study, a sample of 30 people from the personnel of surface ships was made. The amount of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the blood of the military was measured by means of highefficiency liquid chromatography (HELC) and photometry.

Results and discussion. Relationship between dietary vitamin content and in the blood of the military that is specified by food habits during the long-term voyage. During the voyage, the supplying of seafarers with food products providing water-soluble vitamins А, В1, В2, В6, РР and С is of key importance. Vitamin deficiency in a sea ration is corrected by giving out multivitamin preparation «Geksavit». However, this preparation is not optimal in view of limited set of vitamins and absence of minerals in it. Actual ration needs correcting by introduction relevant vitamin mineral complexes in the ration.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):40-47
pages 40-47 views

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL FEATURES IN NAVAL SPECIALISTS WITH SIGNS OF PROFESSIONAL BURN OUT

Soshkin P.A.

Abstract

Introduction. The formation of professional burnout syndrome is largely determined by stable personality characteristics, which determine the plasticity of responding to a situation and its adaptation, which predetermines the relevance of their study.

Purpose: to assess personal characteristics based on the application of the SMIL methodology in naval specialists who have (or do not have) signs of professional burnout.

Materials and methods. The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45, divided into 2 groups — with the absence (group 1 (n=91 people)) and the presence (group 2 (n=159 people)) signs of professional burnout, in which personality traits.

Results and its discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, in comparison with those who do not have it, have significantly higher indicators on the scales of correction, activity, masculinity, as well as significantly lower indicators on the scales of rigidity and anxiety; however, these indicators were within the average normative values and were of a relative nature.

Conclusion. The obtained data can be used in applied terms as one of the criterio

Introduction. The formation of professional burnout syndrome is largely determined by stable personality characteristics, which determine the plasticity of responding to a situation and its adaptation, which predetermines the relevance of their study.

Purpose: to assess personal characteristics based on the application of the SMIL methodology in naval specialists who have (or do not have) signs of professional burnout.

Materials and methods. The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45, divided into 2 groups — with the absence (group 1 (n=91 people)) and the presence (group 2 (n=159 people)) signs of professional burnout, in which personality traits.

Results and its discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, in comparison with those who do not have it, have significantly higher indicators on the scales of correction, activity, masculinity, as well as significantly lower indicators on the scales of rigidity and anxiety; however, these indicators were within the average normative values and were of a relative nature.

Conclusion. The obtained data can be used in applied terms as one of the criterion guidelines at the stage of selection of naval specialists, since personality traits, being stable psychological formations, can be a kind of damper preventing the formation of unfavorable functional states in the examined persons.

n guidelines at the stage of selection of naval specialists, since personality traits, being stable psychological formations, can be a kind of damper preventing the formation of unfavorable functional states in the examined persons.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):48-53
pages 48-53 views

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDICATORS OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF CADETS OF MARINE UNIVERSITY IN THE PERIOD OF LONG SWIMMING

Gudkov A.B., Shcherbina A.F., Popova O.N., Nikanov A.N.

Abstract

Goal. To reveal the peculiarities of central hemodynamics of cadets of a marine university in the conditions of a five-month sailing.

Materials and methods. A survey of 70 cadets on board of a sailing training vessel was carried out in the dynamics of a five-month voyage (165 days). Hemodynamic indicators were monitored before entry on duty. For the statistical processing of the results, the SPSS software, v 17.0 (IBM) was used.

Results and its discussion. The first two months are characterized by stable indicators of myocardial contractile function, which begins to change from the third month. In the third month, signs of mobilization of the circulatory function appear, which is expressed in an increase in blood pressure (p<0.05) and blood pressure (p<0,05) (by 6.6% and 14%, respectively).The fourth and fifth months are characterized by a further activation of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of hemodynamics: an increase in blood pressure (p<0,05), blood pressure (p<0,001), as well as MVC (p<0,05) due to an increase in heart rate (p<0,001), which indirectly indicates a decrease in efficiency in the work of the cardiovascular system.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):54-59
pages 54-59 views

FEATURES OF THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF SUBJECTS OF EXTREME ACTIVITY

Kotovskaya S.V., Boyko I.M., Mosyagin I.G., Khokhrina A.I.

Abstract

According to many domestic and foreign scientists, the ability of a person to maintain professional efficiency and integrated behavior in extreme conditions is primarily determined by psychophysiological factors. The specialists of extreme profile, due to the consciousness of a threat to life, there is a constant readiness for action, not always aware of them.

Aim. The paper presents empirical studies of the psychophysiological status of representatives of various difficult professions, including at the content level of the extreme component (dispatchers, servicemen, military pilots and specialists engaged in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) recycling).

Materials and methods. Psychophysiological status was revealed with the use of electroencephalographic (EEG) study, data of simple (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reaction (CVMR) and color test of M. Lusher in the interpretation of I. Tcyganok.

Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the highest efficiency was found in firefighters and soldiers, the highest rates of stress, not going beyond the corridor standards are typical for submariners and specialists in the SNF recycling. In submariners, the professional load was reflected by an increase in the rhythm index A, in military pilots the level of operator performance increased due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):60-68
pages 60-68 views

EXPERIENCE OF MEDICAL SUPPORT

EXPERIENCE IN MEDICAL SUPPORT OF SHIPS AND UNITS OF FOREIGN ARMIES DURING THE NEW CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

Kryukov E.V., Shulenin K.S., Cherkashin D.V., Fisun A.Y., Mavrenkov E.M., Kutelev G.G., Chibiryakova E.O.

Abstract

The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) threatened the combat readiness of the Armed Forces (AF) and required the urgent development and implementation of its own measures to limit the spread of the disease. Wide-spread principles to combat this disease, including social distancing, isolation of patients and quarantine of contact persons, are difficult to comply with Navy service. Given the features of habitability, autonomy and distance from the main locations, the experience gained and the measures taken during the outbreak of COVID-19 on the US Navy nuclear aircraft carrier «Theodore Roosevelt» are of great interest. It was important that at the time of diagnosis COVID-19 77% of crew members had no signs of disease, and 43% of them remained completely asymptomatic. The incidence among officers was significantly less than in ordinary and sergeant personnel. None of the officers were hospitalized. People of the white race predominated among the diseased and hospitalized (42,7 per cent and 30,4 per cent, respectively), as well as those associated with reactor operation, weapons and support personnel (27,9 per cent in total). At the same time, those servicemen who strictly followed non-specific preventive measures had a reliably lower infection rate.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):69-77
pages 69-77 views

ACTUAL ISSUES OF MEDICAL SUPPORT OF MILITARY SERVICES WITH THERAPEUTIC PATHOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FAR NORTH

Agafonov P.V., Khalimov Y.S., Gaiduk S.V., Kryukov E.V., Zagorodnikov G.G.

Abstract

The aim of the study: to consider the main sanitary-epidemiological, climatic and military-professional factors of the Far North, which can have an adverse effect on the health of military personnel, their military-professional adaptation, maintaining combat effectiveness and working capacity.

Materials and methods. In preparing this article, an analysis of scientific literature was used on the features of medical support for military personnel in the Far North, as well as the experience of the authors’ practical activities in the field of organizing medical service in the Arctic region.

Results and discussion. It was shown that due to the remoteness of the regions of the Far North, their harsh climatic and geographical characteristics, complex sanitary and epidemiological conditions, as well as the peculiarities of military labor, there is a significant contribution of therapeutic pathology to the morbidity structure of personnel. It has been substantiated to carry out such activities aimed at effectively solving the problems of the medical service for the provision of therapeutic care, such as equipping medical units and over-staffing units with demanded medical specialists, medical equipment and property, actively using the capabilities of the remote telemedicine consultation system, establishing effective interaction with medical organizations of civil systems health care of the Far North, as well as with medical units of other ministries and departments performing tasks in the Arctic.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):78-84
pages 78-84 views

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AS A PRIORITY IN PROVIDING EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE TO AN EMERGENCY DIVER

Yemushintsev P.A., Mikulich V.V., Soloviev G.S.

Abstract

Purpose: to improve the organization of emergency assistance to an emergency diver in a state of clinical death. Clarification of the priority of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by persons providing diving descents.

Materials and methods. Аnalysis of guidelines governing medical support for diving descents and documents for the provision of emergency and urgent assistance, study of emergencies with naval divers.

Results and discussion. Сonsidered one of the reasons that has a negative impact on the approach to emergency care — the lack of a unified algorithm of actions in the guideline documents for diagnosing clinical death in a diver, as well as ambiguous interpretation of the priority of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):85-91
pages 85-91 views

EXPERIENCE OF THE LABORATORY 637 CENTER OF STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SUPERVISION DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRAL INFECTION

Pishchugin D.Y., Shubenkin S.G., Tarumov R.A., Shemeneva A.N., Tsintsadze O.G.

Abstract

The publication presents the experience of organizing the introduction of PCR diagnostics methods into everyday laboratory practice. The main stages of redevelopment and equipping the laboratory with the necessary equipment, consumables and personal protective equipment for employees are highlighted. The necessity of regular organization of specialized conferences and symposia with the involvement of military bacteriologists and specialists in laboratory diagnostics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, both remotely and in person. The preliminary results of the laboratory’s work on the etiological diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection have been analyzed. So, along with official statistics for all regions of the Russian Federation, the increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol among the military and civilian population occurred in the fall of 2020. There were revealed comparable indicators of positive test results from among the studies carried out in our laboratory with the data on Crimea and Russia as a whole.

Marine Medicine. 2021;7(1):92-95
pages 92-95 views


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