Vol 8, No 4 (2022)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency of the body among contract servicemen while carrying out offshore operations in the temperate latitudes of the Far East.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The signs of vitamin and mineral deficiency among servicemen (n=27) were detected twice with the use of computer program Vita-test: before going to sea and in 2 months (return). There was the analysis of nutrient content in the sea rations №3. Before going to sea meals were provided at home. Statistics: After defining the test of raw data normality, significance of differences in dependent parametric samples was carried out by Student’s test, using computer program Statistica-6.1.

RESULTS: An imbalanced diet led to increase in signs of vitamin and mineral deficiency. By criteria the risk of deficiency signs (initial and after return): on vitamins — average with the growth of 40,3% (р=0,0002), on minerals — low (3 points) and average (5,24 points, р=0,05).

DISCUSSION: Vitamin diet correction is updated on sea trips. The present study has proven that as well as necessity to correct mineral deficiency. It showed the possibility of assessing the risk of micronutrient deficiency, using the technology of questionnaire and computer analysis.

CONCLUSION: The approach of dynamic monitoring allowed to evaluate the index of studied nutrients, the risk of deficiency while carrying out offshore operations. This method allows to estimate individual and group dynamics of vitamin and mineral balance of a body while working at sea to make decisions on the prevention of nutrient deficiency.

INTRODUCTION: The existing multiple factors of the ship’s environment, together with the climatic conditions of navigation, have a long and complex effect on the body of seamen. As a result, they often cause significant changes in the body. In turn, such changes can cause the emergence and development of many diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity of trawl fleet fishermen working in different climatic regions, possible factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases, to develop recommendations for reducing diseases with disability of workers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The morbidity of fishermen of the Arkhangelsk trawl fleet for the same period when working in the fishery in different climatogeographic regions was studied. 464 people of 4 crews of large freezing fishing trawlers aged 25–49 years (average age 41.8±9.5 years) and work experience from 3 to 10 years were under monitoring. The fishing area is the Norwegian Sea (northern climate zone, crew 237 people) and the Moorish Economic Zone (southern region, crew 217 people). The duration of the works ranged from 168 to 185 days. 10 voyage reports from on-board logbooks (5 times in each of the climatic regions) were used as sources of information on morbidity. Statistics: The McNemar criterion was used for comparative analysis between frequency indicators, and the MannWhitney criterion was used for absolute averages. The statistical significance level p<0.05 was regarded as proven statistically significant differences between the compared indicators.

RESULTS: The morbidity of seafarers, according to the initial appeals, had statistically significant differences when working in different climatogeographic regions. The frequency of cases of temporary disability for people working in tropical regions turned out to be much higher in comparison with the northern ones. At the same time, the average duration of the disease in the absolute majority of nosological forms (except for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases) had no statistically significant differences between the groups of sailors.

DISCUSSION: Territorial features of fishing produce the characteristic of morbidity. Among them, the greatest contribution to the occurrence of diseases are frequent international contacts, peculiarities of processing of harvested fish, tension of adaptation mechanisms due to work in unusual conditions combined with hard work. The identified causes of morbidity among trawl fleet fishermen require the development of special measures to level them, prevent the development of chronic diseases.

CONCLUSION: Is made about the need for constant monitoring of seafarers to determine adaptive changes during the voyage period and during the readaptation of the crew to coastal conditions. Within the framework of the medical support system for water transport workers, it is necessary to take into account the adverse factors of the professional environment in order to create high-quality and safe working conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To study divers’ professional (labor) activity and to develop specialty professiogram «diver» by personal and psychophysiological characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 16 people (men), aged 25–45 years, having served from 2 to more than 10 years. The methods of professional graphic research, according to the developed scheme in three stages were applied. The first stage included analysis of the governing documents, current documentation, study of work tasks and work monitoring. In the second stage there was analysis of scientific literature, containing information from the study area. Methods of observation, survey, oral intake, questionnaire and method of expert assessments were studied. The third stage analysed the method of expert assessments.

RESULTS: As result of the study professiogram was developed, and highlighted professionally important qualities in it might become a significant indicator in determining professional competence in the specialty «diver» at the stage of selecting and training highly-qualified staff.

DISCUSSION: The main predictors, affecting the efficiency of professional activity, are personal (type of temperament — sanguine or phlegmatic, lack of claustrophobia, switching from one activity to another, memory length, figurative thinking) and psychophysiological characteristics (noise immunity to various distractions and environmental factors, lability of the nervous system, high reaction speed, switching ability, stable coordination of movements). Their intensity allows to define professionals’ typological features and to form a picture of individual self-regulation style, behavioral reaction, backing up phsychological stability and success in performing professional tasks.

INTRODUCTION: The period of the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a prolonged situation of uncertainty; in the preference of styles and strategies for overcoming the intellectual and personal potential of a person is presented in the unity of the processes of cognitive evaluation, experience and choice of ways to solve a problem (stressful) situation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the interrelationships of decision-making style as a reflection of individual differences in coping with uncertainty and emotional creativity as a factor of self-realization in young people who have had COVID19 infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 100 convalescents aged 18.2±2.25 years, including 50 men (Group M) and 50 women (Group G) (the age difference between the groups is not significant). The main transferred clinical forms of COVID-19 infection were the inapparent form — 42.0% (group M — 32 people, group G — 10 people), acute respiratory viral infection — 56.0% (group M — 17 people, group G — 39 people) according to the Russian versions of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI).

RESULTS: In both groups of examined individuals after COVID-19 infection with all clinical forms of the disease, the strategy of «vigilance», considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision-making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents.

DISCUSSION: In both groups of examined individuals after suffering COVID-19 infection in all clinical forms of the disease, the «vigilance» strategy, considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision-making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents. It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more faces, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of another.

CONCLUSION: It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more sides, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of the other.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the symptom severity and formation of professional burnout syndrome (PBS) in naval experts of different age groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 849 naval experts, aged 25–45 were examined. Based on generally accepted methods, there was the evaluation of professional burnout and stress, considering clinical-psychophysiological features of the respondents with a different severity level of symptom manifestation. Moreover, to assess the dynamics of professional burnout in naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, subgroups by age were identified out of the total sample (N=127): the group of persons, performing military service as part of Arctic division aged 25–30 included 21 people (n1=21), aged 31–40–72 people (n2=72), aged 41–45–34 people (n3=34). Statistics: Statistic analysis of the data was conducted using the application package «STATISTICA 6.0» and spreadsheet Microsoft Excel-2010.

RESULTS: The formation nature of PB syndrome in naval experts of different age showed that the persons, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 25–30, experienced a high rate of stress phase (68,1±7,9 points), indicating its formation, and 39,8±7,5 points in the resistance phase, indicating the process of this phase formation; yet there were normative values (28,4±5,1 points) on the exhaustion phase in this group of people. The naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 31–40, experienced a high rate of stress phase (72,8±7,9 points) and resistance phase (73,4±11,5 points), indicating their formation in the examined individuals; at the same time the indicators on the exhaustion phase did not overcome the normative values of 26,7±7,2 points. The naval experts, performing military service as part of Arctic division, aged 41–45, experienced average normative values on stress phase (25,9±3,8 points), resistance phase (23,9±3,9 points); yet there was formation of exhaustion phase (39,1±6,9 points).

DISCUSSION: The analysis allowed to reveal age-sensitive formation of professional burnout syndrome. It is shown that individual manifestations of the syndrome form clear modal symptoms among different age groups. The specifics of neuropsychic disorders in naval experts of different age groups were identified.

CONCLUSION: The data analysis allowed to conclude that prevention of PBS formation and its successful overcoming could largely be achieved by naval experts’ implementation of optimal strategies for coping with stress and using constructive and mature psychological defenses in their behavior.

OBJECTIVE: Based on the data of domestic and foreign literature, as well as our own research, to evaluate the possibility of treating patients with extensive jaw cysts, including those undergoing military service in seafarers, using various surgical methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature presented in domestic and foreign scientometric databases over the past 10 years was made. 15 domestic and 37 foreign scientific papers from the PubMed international medical library, the CyberLeninka electronic library and the elibrary medical electronic portal were analyzed. Publications were studied for the following keywords: odontogenic cysts of the jaws, cystectomy, cystotomy, marsupialization, decompression drainage, guided bone regeneration, keratocysts.

RESULTS: During the study of specialized literature over the past 10 years, it was revealed that in the context of the treatment of extensive jaw cysts, the description of the cystectomy operation was most common: in 65.0% of domestic and 50.0% of foreign literature sources. Cystotomy was found in 25.0% and 33.3% among domestic and foreign sources. The method of marsupialization was used less often only in 10.0% in domestic literature and in 17.7% in foreign literature.

DISCUSSION: Analysis of literature sources of domestic and foreign databases has demonstrated the most frequent use of cystotomy and cystectomy in the treatment of extensive jaw cysts and extremely rare use of decompression drainage, despite the significant advantages of using the marsupialization method, namely minimizing the likelihood of damage to neighboring anatomical structures, preventing subsequent possible deformation of the jaws, reducing the risk of recurrence of jaw cysts, as well as the development of postoperative and intraoperative complications compared with cystotomy and cystectomy.

CONCLUSION: Based on the review of the literature and our own research, this article examines the main options for surgical treatment, and also assesses the possibility of using decompression drainage to provide emergency care in a campaign and treat military personnel with extensive cavity formations of the jaws.

INTRODUCTION: For seafarers are characteristic a number of ecopathic factors that might provoke the emergence and progression of periodontal disease. Pre-voyage oral rehabilitation is an important component, aimed at timely detection, treatment and recurrence prevention of periodontal disease on long voyage.

OBJECTIVES: The study focused on detecting periodontal disease among seafarers, determining the cause, contributing to its emergence and progression, assessment of preventive health care measures and treatment effectiveness on long voyage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was the study of periodontal tissues, occurrence and intensity of the periodontal pathology course, also oral hygiene and conditions of items for individual dental care among 169 men, aged 22–52 on long voyage. The first group included 57 seamen, who were part of the crew. The second group included 112 people, who were studying and a long voyage was the first one for them. While detecting periodontal pathology, treatment was carried out, and after its completion there were relapse-prevention measures, that were consistent given the people on the ship on long voyage. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Academy of Ecological Science, Human and Nature Security (protocol № 3 of 10.05.2022). Statistics. Parametric Student’s criterion under normal distribution law and Mann-Whitney non-parametric criterion as distinct from normal indicator distribution were used for the evaluation of reliability of differences compared averages.

RESULTS: Found that pre-voyage rehabilitation of the oral cavity among seafarers is not always properly carried out as there were 26,3–31,3% cases of periodontal disease, identified on long voyage. Despite adequate individual oral hygiene in 24,6–27,7% seafarers, there were inappropriate oral care items that provoked inadequate individual oral hygiene.

DISCUSSION: The most frequent kinds of periodontal disease were catarrhal gingivitis and localized periodontitis of mild severity. Issues of periodontal disease treatment in seafarers on long voyage are being discussed.

CONCLUSION: To improve dental health in seafarers, it is necessary to treat periodontal diseases before voyage. On long voyage seamen should use only the items, habitable for individual oral hygiene, and make their timely replacement. In all cases of periodontal disease treatment it was possible to achieve directly good therapeutic results and to avoid the relapse of inflammatory periodontal pathology, typical for seafarers, during 9-month voyage.

This article presents Grounded Theory as an approach of data analysis in a qualitative study. Main principles of Grounded Theory, stages of development, and three phases of data analysis, such as open coding, axial coding, selective coding, are discussed.

The article discusses modern approaches to anthropometric research. The article presents the current trends in the physical development of young people of military age in the context of epochal variability (secular trend). It has been established that the normative documents regulating anthropometric research need significant processing in accordance with the realities of the time. At the same time, new technologies for studying anthropometric indicators have appeared in recent years, which, with the help of digital visualization, make it possible to perform not only an assessment of linear and projected body sizes in a short time, but also to build computer models of the human body. To solve these problems, it is proposed to use the Bodiscanner 3D Bio Kinect device and its subsequent adaptation for conducting anthropometric studies in the interests of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

OBJECTIVE: Study modern approaches to projection and differentiated assessment of cardiovascular risks with extracardiac surgical interventions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles from scientometric database RSCI, PubMed and Scopus for 2005–2022 are analyzed. In total, 39 literary sources were selected; not less than 70% of which were published over the past 5 years. The works, published more than 5 years ago, were allowed to include in the literature review only in case if they were primary sources and highly informative. RESULTS: To predict perioperative risk there is currently a range of general validated scales that help to define patients with a high risk of death and development of complications. These algorithms were developed based on multivariate statistical analysis of a large number of studies and reflect the links between clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators with perioperative cardiovascular risk and mortality.

DISCUSSION: Nowadays there is no opportunity to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and death after surgical intervention with 100% probability. The majority of existing indices and scales has their drawbacks, but complement each other, and their use may significantly help in the decision-making process on patient management tactics. However, data acquired through these means should be considered and taken into account only in the general context of diagnostic process along with conventional diagnostic methods.

CONCLUSION: The assessment of patient’s medical status and cardiovascular risk is one of the major tasks in preoperative preparation, which solution requires improvement and standardization of step-by-step algorithms.