Vol 7, No 3 (2021)

Aim. Assess the health risk of a cold environment by bioclimatic indices characterizing weather and climatic conditions in the Arctic zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Materials and methods. The mean monthly daily ambient temperature, wind speed and relative air humidity were determined. The body cooling conditions integral index (BCCII) and the wind-cold index (WCI) were calculated.

Results and their discussion. Using the BCCII from 4 to 6 months a year at Cape Chelyuskin, the critical risk of frostbite in exposed areas of the body determined at Dixon Island from 4 to 5 months a year; in July and August, the indicator values reached the lower border of the “moderate risk”. Using the WCI, an uncomfortable cold environment was determined, respectively, 2 months and 4 months, a very cold — 3 months and 2 months, and an extremely cold — 3 months and 2 months.

Conclusion. The advantage of using BCCII rather than WCI is shown, since on its basis the criteria for safe working conditions in an open area are determined. To interpret the value of “no risk” while using WCI, it is necessary to know the period of the year, in which the weather and climatic conditions are assessed as a cold environment.

Aim: to reveal the features of cardiovascular system functional reserves in naval cadets under the conditions of a long voyage.

Materials and methods. 70 cadets undergoing training and sailing practice for 165 days on Sedov training and sailing ship were studied. Cardiovascular system reserves were determined once a month indices before taking over the watch. The results were elaborated using the SPSS program, v 17.0 (IBM).

Results and their discussion. On the first, second, and third months of the voyage, the naval cadets retained the functional reserves of the cardiovascular system, which is indicated by the typical normotonic reaction in its activity in response to physical activity.

On the fourth and fifth, the cadets showed signs of a decrease in the reserves of the cardiovascular system, which is manifested by a slower recovery after standard physical activity, a decrease in the inotropic reserve index and an increase in the chronotropic reserve index.

The aim of this work is studying the influence of the severity of dysfunctions on the part of the central and autonomic nervous systems on the atherosclerotic process in hypertension in flight crews with concomitant traditional factors of cardiovascular risk (abdominal obesity) serving in the Far North by the authors.

Materials and methods. A clinical examination was carried out on 54 patients (men) aged from 33 to 42 years, from among the military personnel of the aviation personnel of the Northern Fleet naval aviation, the average age of the examined was 37.4±4.6 years. The following groups of patients were formed: 1st (n=26) — flight crew specialists serving in the Far North, with first degree abdominal obesity, first stage hypertension and moderate astheno-neurotic disorders (main group); 2nd (n=14) — flight crew specialists serving in the Far North, with first degree abdominal obesity, first stage hypertension in comorbidity with mild astheno-neurotic disorders; Group 3 (n=10) was represented by flight crew patients with the first stage of hypertension with initial manifestations of psychovegetative dysfunctions (control). We assessed the qualitative and quantitative paired correlations between the state of the psychological status, regulation of the neuropsychic adaptation system, markers of early formation of atherosclerosis, and indicators of the average daily blood pressure level.

Results and their discussion. It was found that the severity of disorders of the asthenovegetative spectrum in the examined groups has a negative direct pathological effect on quantitative and qualitative paired correlations between indicators characterizing the state of psychophysiological status, markers of early formation of the atherosclerotic process, and values of average daily blood pressure monitoring. The results obtained make it possible to summarize that the more pronounced the disturbances in the functioning of the central and autonomic nervous systems in hypertension in persons from the flight crew, the more significant the shifts towards atherogenicity of indicators reflecting the activity of the atherosclerotic process and the more unfavorable outcome in the course of cardiovascular pathology in such patients.

Aim: using oral stress kidney tests to reveal changes in renal function and water-electrolyte metabolism in divers with different initial resistance to hypoxic hypoxia.

Materials and methods. 44 men were studied. All subjects were evaluated for their initial resistance to hypoxic hypoxia. Oral renal stress tests were performed to determine the status of kidney function.

Results and their discussion. For the selection of divers, it is necessary to carry out oral stress tests with water, 10% potassium chloride solution and 7.5% calcium lactate solution. In divers with low and medium resistance to hypoxic hypoxia, there is a deterioration in the calcium and potassium uretic function of the kidneys after oral stress renal tests. The method for determining the resistance of divers to hypoxic hypoxia should be supplemented by the regularity developed by us.

The heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of heparinotherpapia associated with thrombosis, develops as a result of antibody-mediated platelet activation. In the context of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, the frequency of use of heparin in clinical practice has significantly increased, as a result of which the doctors have become more likely to face this complication. The article presents a review of the literature, describes the pathogenesis, modern algorithms for diagnosis and treatment, demonstrates a clinical case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient with the SARS CoV-2, and discusses the features of diagnosis and treatment of this complication in a naval hospital.

Aim. To summarize the experience of conducting special tactical exercises of the forces and means of the EMERCOM of Russia in the event of a massive admission of victims of an emergency of a biological and social nature (terrorist act) to a multidisciplinary hospital and an airmobile hospital of the EMERCOM of Russia.

Materials and methods. The normative documents and experience in response of the EMERCOM of Russia during the training period with a massive influx of victims were analyzed.

Results and their analysis. The results of special tactical exercises, the experience of the deployment and actions of the forces and means of the EMERCOM of Russia during the mass admission of victims of a terrorist act to a multidisciplinary hospital and an airmobile hospital of the EMERCOM of Russia are presented. For evacuating 50 victims, ambulance aircraft (MI-8 helicopter), ambulances and cars were used. The exercise was attended by over 300 people, including observers and participants in the exercise, victims.

Conclusion. The data obtained are an important basis for maintaining the readiness of the forces and means of the Russian Emergencies Ministry to respond to emergencies.

Aim: the authors share their proven experience of participating in the development and scientific support of proposals for improving the medical waste management system.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the format of research work to substantiate proposals for improving the system of medical waste management in extreme conditions.

Results. It was found that the system of medical waste management, which functions stably under the conditions of daily activities in peacetime, in extreme situations fails and creates a risk of spreading infectious diseases among the personnel of medical institutions, the population, as well as environmental pollution. This problem is obvious also for military medical institutions of various power structures. The essence of the proposals is to maximize reduction of the stages of the waste life cycle, which in the applied aspect is implemented by equipping military medical institutions with standard installations for the disposal of any medical waste.

Conclusion. The value of the conducted research lies not only in the innovative nature of the proposals made, but also in the fact that they were made long before the events associated with the epidemic of coronavirus infection. The results of this work were neither appreciated at their true worth in a timely manner, nor received wide publicity and, as a result, they have not fully used to carry out preventive measures.