Vol 8, No 2 (2022)

OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of medical statistical indicators of primary disease incidence with officers of the Russian Aerospace Forces (ASF) and Navy from 2015 to 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was a comparative statistical analysis of medical reports on health status of the personnel and medical service activity on the form 3/MED of military units, in which not less than 80% of the total number of Russian military officers did service. Disease incidence data was weighed against the classes of International statistical classification of disease and health issues, 10th revision (ICD-10) and calculated for 1000 officers or in ‰.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The annual average level of primary disease incidence with ASF officers in 2015–2020 was 500,7±28,1‰, Navy officers — 364,4±20,1‰ (p<0,01). Polynomial trend of primary disease incidence level among ASF officers resembles an invertible U-curve with maximum data in 2016–2018, Navy officers — shows data increase. There are indicators of primary disease incidence with officers according to disease classes and leading nosology. Disease incidence among ASF and Navy officers were compared.

CONCLUSION: Accounting of primary disease incidence will help to carry out disease preventive measures and forecast a calculation of the forces and medical service facilities.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the climate impact on the population of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky regarding warmth sensation in different periods of the year.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The length of a warm and cold period of the year was determined. Based on mean monthly temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed, maximum wind and minimum temperature, taken from the website of weather condition records in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky for 2010–2020, the equivalent-effective temperature (EET) has been calculated that allows to estimate the warmth sensation of a man, stripped to the waist.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the average temperature, the warm period is in June-September, the cold one is 8 months. As for EET, thermal comfort is in July-August; it’s cool in June and September; it’s cool/moderately cool in October; it’s moderately cool in April-May and November; it’s very chilly in December-March. Speaking about minimum temperature and maximum wind, it’s warm in August, warm/cold in September; 10 months is a cold period of the year. By comparing EET, it’s cool in July and August; it’s moderately cool in May, June, September and October; it’s very chilly in April and November, moderately cold in December and March and cold in January. In February conditions are moderately cold/cold.

CONCLUSION: Amidst high humidity the wind produces a meaningful effect on a bioclimatic discomfort.

OBJECTIVES: To study the interrelationships of decision-making style as a reflection of individual differences in coping with uncertainty and emotional creativity as a factor of self-realization in young people who have had COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 100 convalescents aged 18.2±2.25 years, including 50 men (Group M) and 50 women (Group G) (the age difference between the groups is not significant). The main transferred clinical forms of COVID-19 were the inapparent form — 42.0% (group M — 32 people, group G — 10 people), acute respiratory viral infection — 56.0% (group M — 17 people, group G — 39 people) according to the Russian versions of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In both groups of examined individuals after suffering COVID-19 in all clinical forms of the disease, the «vigilance” strategy, considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision- making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents. It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more faces, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of another.

CONCLUSION: The data obtained are important for conducting medical and psychological support for convalescents and for preventing the formation of professional burnout, and for quick adaptation to various life situations, and for motivation to prevent the occurrence of changes in functional states after suffering COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of using helium-oxygen breathing mixtures for emergency restoration of the working capacity of specialists of hazardous occupations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 male military personnel (age 25–40 years), divided into the main group and the comparison group (9 people each). All servicemen showed signs of decreased efficiency. In the main group, a procedure of 40-minute breathing with a heated gas mixture with an Oxygen content of 25% vol., Helium content of 75% vol. was prescribed. The comparison group underwent standard 40-minute Oxygen therapy.

RESULTS: Using of helium-oxygen gas media demostrated much more effective means of emergency restoration of the work capacity of specialists than oxygen therapy. This was evidenced by the better dynamics of physical performance indicators and the level of physiological reserves in the main group.

CONCLUSIONS & DISCUSSION: Helium-oxygen therapy can be considered as an effective and safe method of restoring working capacity, applicable in the «field» conditions.

In this paper we present brief recommendations on planning, performing and presenting results of systematic reviews. Recent changes reflected in PRISMA-2020 statement have been taken into account. The article is not an official translation of PRISMA-2020 guidelines. It aims to assist Russian researchers to better understand the principles of writing systematic reviews, to see the difference between systematic and traditional reviews and to be able to present the results of information synthesis in accordance with international guidelines to ensure the interest of the international research audience.

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OBJECTIVES: To identify the nutritional characteristics of fly-in fly-out workers in the Arctic on the basis of literature sources analysis and the results of our own research, and to judgethe use of food products of local origins.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data extraction and synthesis from the scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru, RSCI and CyberLeninka, on the study of daily diets for rational employees working in the Arctic are analyzed.

RESULTS: The actual nutrition of rational employees during the shift in the Arctic does not fully meet the principles of full value, balance and variety. The quantitative side of the daily diet provides an energy balance, but the qualitative component of the food consumed requires correction. Thus, the need for proteins is provided mainly by meat dishes and lack of fish and seafood. The ratio between animal and vegetable fats is disturbed in favor of animal fats. A deficiency of calcium and vitamins, especially vitamin C, was found in daily ration in the spring season. Vegetables, fruit drinks, and fruits are hardly ever present in daily ration. To improve the quality of rational employees’ nutrition, it is necessary to use widely the products of the local raw material base, such as venison, fish and berries. Venison has an amino acid score close to an ideal protein, and reindeer fat increases the body’s resistance to the cold factor. Fish is an important source of complete protein, as well as a carrier of essential fatty acids of the omega 3, which reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and vascular accidents. Northern berries contain minor bio-active substances that are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, have antisclerotic, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as reduce the likelihood of thrombosis and strengthen capillaries.

CONCLUSION: The diet of shift workers in the Arctic, which does not fully meet all the principles of rational nutrition, should include products of the local raw material base, such as venison, fish and northern berries, which will improve the quality side of nutrition.

INTRODUCTION: The adaptive human characteristics are time bound, hence an abrupt change of environmental conditions is crucial in adaptation process, specifically relevant maritime medicine.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Based on literature data, to frame the issue of changes in psychological adaptive process among the fishing industry staff during long sea journeys and to justify the need of their constant medical supervision for early identification of possible health problems in the voyage period as well as during crew readaptation to the shore conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature has been searched in the international electronic databases of Web of Science, Scopus, also in the domestic library system eLibrary. The sources with a full-text access to the e-library are used. Time depth of the analysed literature coverage is the last 20–25 years, yet more than half of the sources are less than 5–7 years. The key words in the search engine are maritime labour, adverse occupational factors of maritime activities, the health of fishing transport staff, psychological adaptation of the sailing vessel crew.

RESULTS: Specificity of the adaptation problem in maritime medicine is primarily that seamen’s body should adjust to a significant number of adversities in a relatively short time. Time discrepancy between these processes leads to the emergence of disadaptation disorders which might evoke pathological lesion. Psychological status has a pronounced impact on human adaptation to working environment. Individuals with pronounced weakness of nervous processes often experience breakdowns in tense navigation conditions. The literary data analysis of seamen’s psycho-emotional state study in navigation conditions shows that even while short-term journey in the Arctic Basin seas most sailors experience mental tension of the central nervous system by the midterm. At long-term journey during a year-round Arctic navigation the phasal nature of psychological adaptation course is identified. In the first third of the journey the development of orienting response was observed due to the staff change and familiar social environment. By the middle of the journey there was a period of mental stabilization. By the end of the journey signs of psychological disadaptation were detected and intensified. Disadaptation changes include emotional instability, increased lability of the nervous system, particularly reflected in irritation, sleep disturbance, increased neuromuscular excitability, decline in mental and physical performance.

CONCLUSION: Seamen require constant psychophysiological monitoring to identify adaptive changes in the journey period and during crew readaptation to the shore conditions. Within the system of medical support to the water transport staff, an integrated manner of adverse conditions in professional environment is required in order to create high-quality and safe working conditions.