Vol 6, No 4 (2020)

Purpose. To conduct structural analysis of physical fitness of the navy servicemen from the position of bioenergetics and development of adaptative potential.
Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of science literature, structural analysis, developing of theoretical framework.
Results and its discussion. The specifics of the professional activity of the Navy servicemen require maintaining the appropriate aerobic-anaerobic structure of physical fitness. The article presents the physiological laws and pedagogical principles of the consistent development of aerobic and anaerobic human capabilities. It also establishes methodological recommendations for solving related tasks — the formation of the regulatory basis of motor actions, which constitute the biomechanical basis of professional activity, and the development of psychomotor functions.

The aim of the research was to study the factors of nonspecific resistance in residents of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia and the possible influence of various natural and industrial environmental factors on them.
Materials and methods: the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity were studied, evaluated in 2224 people living in the Murmansk region (n=1118) and in the Republic of Karelia (n=1106), for the period from 2001 to 2018. The methods used to study were buccal tests, bactericidal activity of the skin, cytochemical studies (glycogen, alkaline phosphatase) of peripheral blood and differential analysis of erythrocytes. According to the data obtained, the indices of nonspecific resistance in residents of the Murmansk region are on average within the normal range, in contrast to those in the Republic of Karelia.
Results: the studies carried out revealed that human blood indices are interrelated with the indices of his nonspecific immunity when adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions in industrial cities. The following blood parameters of the inhabitants of the studied areas reacted to regional natural and industrial factors: glycogen in lymphocytes and neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils. Complex methods for studying the nonspecific resistance of the organism can be recommended as an express diagnosis of the influence of environmental factors on the state of the human body as a whole.

Purpose. Assessment of functional state of circulatory system in seafarers at different stages independent cruise.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of the study of three groups of 180 seafarers on the third, fifth and sixth months of cruise was conducted. The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing according to the rules of variation statistics.
Results and its discussion. Functional state of circulatory system in seafarers depends on the kind of military professional activity. Thus, among the staff officers, the number of prehypertensive states is increasing, and for the personnel of surface ships a slightly greater physical working capacity is noted in comparison with divers. At the same time, an increase in the temperature of the skin of the lower extremities was typical for divers, that is definitely important for the control and early prevention of overheating. At the same time, the most noticeable decrease in working capacity is observed in the command staff, while the indicator was quantitatively correlated with the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure and ECG. In addition, it was revealed that the process of adaptation of the body’s regulatory systems reaches its maximum by the end of the third month of cruise and is determined by an increase in endurance and a decrease in morbidity among seafarers.

The purpose of the study was the development of an algorithm for assessing the resistance of the human body to the action of high partial pressures of nitrogen.
Materials and methods: 125 divers were enrolled in the study. The subjects were placed in a diving pressure chamber, where the air pressure was increased to 0,8 MPa (70 m water column). Before the pressure increase and under maximum pressure, the following functions were assessed in the subjects: attention — using the Landolt’s rings visual acuity test, verbal-color interference (Stroop test) and «Numbering»; thinking — using the methods of addition and subtraction with switching using the Kraepelin table, arithmetic tests «addition in the mind», «multiplication in the mind» and «subtraction in the mind»; small muscle activity — using the Bennett test, the squares test and macrography.
Results and discussion. As a result of comparative and discriminant analyzes, out of ten methods and twenty-two indicators used in the practice of medical support for dives, two were selected, allowing with a high degree of reliability to identify the degree of change in the functioning of the central nervous system under the action of high partial pressures of nitrogen. On the basis of changes in the data processing rate in the visual analyzer and thinking processes, the resistance of the human body to the action of high partial pressures of nitrogen is determined.

Purpose: assessment of carbohydrate metabolism and thiamine supply in the crew, depending on the specifics of work, age and professional experience.
Materials and methods. The researchers examined the crew personnel of the Northern Water Basin (river workers, fishermen and seafarers) aged from 21 to 59 years, with professional experience up to 35 years. In the blood serum, the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and in the blood hemolysate, by the fluorometric method, the content of the thiamine in the body.
Results and its discussion. Seafarers have an increased glucose concentration against the background of low thiamine content relative to fishermen and river workers. The frequency of occurrence of marginal states increases with increasing age and experience in river workers, and the frequency of occurrence of pronounced thiamine-deficient states increases with increasing experience in fishermen. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism and thiamine content of the crew depend mainly on the specifics of the work.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the primary incidence of conscript military personnel of the Navy and Ground Forces over the last 10 years from 2010–2019.
Methodology. We conducted a selective statistical analysis of medical reports on the health status of personnel and the activities of the medical service in the form of 3/MED of military units, in which served about 80% of the total number of conscript military personnel of the Navy and Russian Ground Forces. The primary incidence of conscript military personnel was correlated with the chapters of the International Classification of Diseases, 10 th revision (ICD-10).
Results and their discussion. The average annual incidence rate of conscript military personnel for the Navy amounted to 1143,4–59,1‰, of the Ground Forces was higher at the level of trends — 1345,9–86,1‰. The dynamics of the primary incidence of conscript military personnel of the Navy showed a decrease in data, the Ground Forces — resembled an inverted U-curve with maximum rates in 2013–2014. The leading chapters of diseases of the primary incidence of the Russian Navy and the Army were respiratory diseases (X chapter), skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (XII chapter), some infectious and parasitic diseases (chapter I), digestive diseases (XI chapter) and bone disease -muscular system and connective tissue (XIII chapter). The total contribution of these classes to the structure was 83,9 and 84,5%, respectively. Indicators of primary morbidity of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00–J06), infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00–L08), and other acute lower respiratory infections were of a different significance for the conscripts of the Russian Navy and the Ground Forces of rank 1–6 respiratory tract (J20–J22), flu and pneumonia (J10–J18), diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–K31) and viral infections characterized by lesions of the skin and mucous membranes (B00–B09). The distinctive features of the primary morbidity of military personnel of the Navy and Ground Forces by disease classes and leading nosologies are revealed. The total contribution of the listed nosologies (groups in chapters) to the structure was 71,3 and 73,2%, respectively.

Purpose. Show the significance of helium heated to 95°C (as part of Thermogeliox) in reducing the surface tension of water, including the liquid and cellular fraction of blood, which normalizes the movement of red blood cells in the capillaries and preserves the physiological function of the alveolar — capillary space, improving gas exchange in the alveoli.
Materials and methods. The data on the dynamics of complaints and anamnesis, clinical symptoms, results of laboratory and instrumental studies, the results of pathological, pathomorphological and histological manifestations of severe coronavirus pneumonia (CVP) complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were analyzed.
Results and its discussion. In the complex treatment of severe coronavirus infection (CVI), it is proposed to use the modern innovative medical technology «SIMT», which includes a modern device «Ingalit B2–01», inhaling a respiratory gas mixture heated to 90–100°C — thermogeliox, consisting of oxygen 20–30% and helium 70–80%, alternating with inhalation of pulmonary surfactant by a nebulizer. It is advisable to inject the anticoagulant under the skin. It has been shown that the development of ARDS in CEP is associated with acute coronavirus alveolitis. A quick positive systemic therapeutic effect — the prevention of ARDS in patients with severe CVP when using our proposed «SIMT» is due to a number of physicochemical and physiological effects of thermal helium.

This paper continues our series of articles for beginners on required sample size for the most common basic statistical tests used in biomedical research. The most common statistical test for comparing means in paired samples is Student’s paired t-test. In this paper we present a simple algorithm for calculating required sample size for comparing two means in paired samples. As in our earlier papers we demonstrate how to perform calculations using WinPepi and Stata software. Moreover, we have created a table with calculated minimal sample sizes required for using Student’s t-tests for different scenarios with the confidence level of 95% and statistical power of 80%.

The article presents information about the international project MOSAiC, the largest polar expedition in recent years aimed at studying climate in the Arctic. At the center of the project is the Polar Star research icebreaker (Polarstern, Germany), which drifted along with sea ice through the Central Arctic from 2019 to 2020. The Polarstern has become the central observatory for atmospheric, ice, snow, oceanographic, environmental and biogeochemical studies. The Russian icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn took part in providing the expedition, which made 2 Arctic voyages to deliver people and various cargoes to the Polarstern ship. The diesel-electric icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn set a world record in the northern latitudes, for the first time independently reaching 88°28,4′ north latitude (the highest point, date of achievement — February 26, 2020). Medical support for the Arctic icebreaker’s flights was provided by the ship’s doctor FGBUZ SMKTS im. N.A.Semashko FMBA of Russia. The article presents the experience of the ship’s doctor in providing medical assistance to crew members and expeditions in extreme conditions of the Arctic.